SYNOPSIS

This book is essentially a compilation of several peer reviewed articles addressing important topics in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer on the basis of Classical Thermodynamic concepts. Because of the multidisciplinary nature of this work, the reviewers at Nature’s Scientific Reports felt it was necessary to expand the Introduction in “Analytical Method of Predicting Turbulence Transition in Pipe Flow” shown in Section 2, in order to enable “a general audience, such as a chemist or physicist familiar with thermodynamics but not fluid dynamics, to follow this contribution”. This objective has been achieved here by including the full text of two older references together with additional useful data (See Table of Contents). Therefore, it will not be necessary for readers to spend any time finding and obtaining a number of scattered references from different publishers in the USA and Europe. The most significant, fundamental and useful results are highlighted in the author’s Preface.


CONTENTS

Foreword, Preface & Acknowledgments; Section 1: Common Law for Laminar and Turbulent Flow Regimes, Major Advantage of Turbulent Flows; Section 2: Analytical Method of Predicting Turbulence Transition in Pipe Flow, 2.1 Nature Publication Group / Scientific Reports` Compact Web Version, 2.2 Author`s Manuscript for Readers of Printed Book Version; Section 3: Novel Fanno Flow Curve Equation for Incompressible Fluids, Reference (8): Relative size comparison between inner-fin and bare tube water chillers, Reference (5c): Inner-fin configuration, Reference (9): Inner-fin tube length optimization procedure; Section 4: Impact of the Length to Diameter Ratio on Turbulence Transition in Pipe Flow, Major Impact of the Wall Relative Roughness in Micro-Channels; Section 5: On the Application of an “Entropy Maximizing Principle” in Flow Regime Predictions; Section; 6: Thermodynamic Aspects of Adiabatic and Diabatic Tube Flow Regime Transitions—Single-Phase Fluids; Section 7: Extended Corresponding States Principle of Thermodynamics



BY FOCUSING ON THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS, THE AUTHOR HAS BEEN ABLE TO DERIVE IMPORTANT RESULTS UNATTAINABLE WITH CURRENT METHODS AS HIGHLIGHTED BELOW


Excerpt from Eckhardt,B. "Introduction. Turbulence transition in pipe flow: 125th anniversary of the publication of Reynolds` paper", Phil. Trans. R., Soc. 13 February. 2009 vol. 367 no.1888 pp 449-455, "The philosophical aspects, about the nature of the transition to turbulence in shear flow, remain attractive...it will hopefully not take another century to solve them."

In Section 2, the correct critical Reynolds number is predicted theoretically on the basis of the second law of thermodynamics and empirically in Section 3.


Excerpt from Eckhardt, B.,Schneider, T., Hof,.B., Westerweel, J.,"Turbulence Transition in Pipe Flow", Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol 39; 447-468 Jan. 2007, "Experiments on pipe flow...show that triggering turbulence depends sensitively on initial conditions..."

In Section 2, the major impact of the fluid flow conditions at pipe inlet is demonstrated and quantified.


Excerpt from: Webster` "Extended Definition of Fanno Flow", May 2011, www.webster-online dictionary.org, "Fanno flow refers to adiabatic flow through a constant area duct where the effect of friction is considered...For a flow with an upstream Mach number greater than 1 in a sufficiently long enough duct, deceleration occurs and the flow can become choked, the maximum entropy occurs at M = 1…

A novel incompressible fluid Fanno flow equation is derived in Section 3 on the basis of well-documented ”smooth wall” circular pipes friction-and kinetic-factors.This makes it possible to extend the validity of the results presented in this book from ”smooth” up to “fully rough” constant flow area channels of any geometry.


Excerpts from: Morini, G., L., "Laminar to Turbulent Flow Transition in Micro-channels", Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2004, "...experiments indicate that the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in micro-scale passages takes place at "critical" Reynolds number ranging from 200 to 2000."

It is shown in Section 3 that the critical Reynolds numbers in micro-tubes with diameters ranging from 0.10 to less than 0.01 mm must be significantly lower than those reported with conventional pipe sizes due to their much larger relative wall roughness.

Henri Soumerai`s publications stem from his extensive experience in the processing, refrigeration and power generation industries in North America and Europe. He is the author of over 50 papers published in scientific / technology journals as well as chapters in engineering Handbooks and holds eleven patents in thermal engineering design. Henri Soumerai, MsME & PhD, Swiss Federal Institute of Technolgy in Zurich is a Fellow / 50 year member of ASHRAE and Distinguished Service Award Recipient.